Phylogenetic analysis of hCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes has played a key role in documenting the rapid and large-scale evolution of the virus across North America. A North America-focused phylogenetic tree captures shifts in lineage dominance over time while maintaining global perspective through the inclusion of representative genomes from other regions.
This time-scaled reconstruction spans the pandemic from its early stages in 2020 to the most recently collected sequences. The resulting phylogeny reflects periods of rapid lineage replacement as well as sustained circulation of specific genetic backgrounds, offering insight into the dynamic evolutionary history of hCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in the region.
The most recent tips of the phylogenetic tree are largely dominated by viruses assigned to XFG, which represent the prevailing lineages among newly deposited North American genomes. These clusters are followed by continued representation of PQ.2 and XFG.1.1, highlighting ongoing diversification within Omicron-derived lineages.
Branching patterns within the tree illustrate how contemporary lineages descend from earlier variants, with mutation accumulation through time supporting molecular clock-based estimates of divergence.
Analysis of recent GISAID submissions indicates that USA, Canada, and Puerto Rico currently contribute the largest number of hCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) genome sequences from North America. Extensive sequencing from these countries strengthens phylogenetic resolution and enables detailed examination of transmission dynamics across the region.
Although the analysis is centered on North America, selected genomes from other continents are included to anchor regional patterns within the global hCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) phylogeny.
A North America-focused hCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) phylogenetic tree supports continuous monitoring of viral evolution in a highly connected region. By integrating genomic data with evolutionary analysis, it provides critical context for understanding lineage turnover and contributes to ongoing genomic surveillance and public health efforts.
